2024年05月01日(Wed)
A call to uphold the principles of the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society
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JANIC endorsed the statement by DAC-CSO Reference Group, published on 29 April 2024.
A call to uphold the principles of the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society
As it is now widespread in the development community, in mid-March the Swedish aid agency, Sida, announced abruptly that all contracts with their 17 Strategic Partner Organizations in Sweden´s Civil Society Strategy would come to an end by the end of this year. This decision affects more than 1750 partner organisations in 90 countries. Little information was provided as to future funding modalities, nor consultation was held with affected organizations in Sweden or in the global South.
The DAC-CSO Reference group is aware of these precipitate shifts, in particular, our working group on the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance. Following substantive discussions, the group proposed a letter that raises critical issues about the decisions and actions of Sweden in relation to the commitments made in the DAC Recommendation.
The letter is directed to the DAC Chair and the members of the DAC Community of Practice (CoP) on Civil Society. This CoP has responsibility for promoting and implementing the recommendation among all DAC members. It has been signed by 340 organisations from more than 60 countries, showing the impact of the decision and its notoriety for the civil society community. See the Letter below.
April 29, 2024
To: Carsten Staur, Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Chair
CC: Pia Hänni, Co-chair, DAC Community of Practice on Civil Society, Head of Swiss NGO Section, Division Multilateral Affairs and Swiss NGOs, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Caro Krijger, Co-chair, DAC Community of Practice on Civil Society, Head Civil Society Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands
DAC Members in the DAC Community of Practice on Civil Society
A call to uphold the principles of the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society
As organizations deeply committed to the implementation of the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society, we are writing to the DAC and its Community of Practice with alarm about the nature of recent decisions in Sweden that will seriously affect its support for civil society, the quality of these relationships, and access to resources of organisations from more than 90 countries. Many DAC members, including Sweden, played crucial and constructive roles in developing and agreeing to a comprehensive Recommendation. The Recommendation addresses long-standing and critical issues in strengthening all civil society as development actors in their own right and in holding governments to account.
While we recognize that all adherents face challenges in implementing the Recommendation’s 28 key principles and commitments, we are gravely concerned by the signals arising from the abrupt decisions taken in the last month in Sweden, which dramatically affect the following key commitments:
Meaningful and inclusive consultation and due diligence
Among the important goals embedded in the Recommendation is the central role of full and inclusive consultation with civil society in establishing policies or strategies for working with civil society “in both partner countries or territories and provider countries” [Pillar Two, §1]. On March 15, the 17 strategic partner organizations (SPOs) received the abrupt announcement that by December 31st all Sida agreements will be terminated, with no prior consultation. This decision severely affects current and future programming by more than 1,750 civil society organizations in 90 countries, who had no opportunity to engage with Sida in this decision. These organizations across the global south have been working with marginalized populations in countries where civic space is already challenging and often very constrained. There is no evidence that Sida undertook even minimal due diligence or consultation to determine the impact of its March decision on these organizations and their constituencies. Those who have trusted in their Swedish partners and Sida´s consistent and responsive support for many years now face a highly uncertain future at best, in very difficult partner country contexts.
Flexible and predictable programmatic and core support
Adherents to the Recommendation have committed to work through funding modalities for civil society that are “flexible and predictable support, core support and/or programmatic support” [Pillar Two, §3]. Sida has the very unrealistic and unworkable expectation that organizations, from both Sweden and the global south, will now be able to create concept notes or letters of interest for an expected call-for-proposals as early as May, for which at the time of writing there is no information as to the terms, conditions and scope of such proposals. Such a narrow window for alternative funding is deeply disrespectful, to say the least, of the programmatic integrity of CSOs, as development actors in their own right, and for the necessary consultations and engagement with their constituencies and counterparts.
Investing in leadership of local civil society in partner countries
Enabling equitable partnerships
In indicating that all contracts with the 17 Strategic Partner Organizations (SPOs) under the civil society strategy will be terminated, Sida has provided no information on its changing priorities for supporting civil society and the appropriate modalities of support to do so. The Community of Practice’s work on good practice (i.e. the Toolkit on Shifting Power within Partnerships) points to the importance of creating diverse provider funding modalities that enable powershifts and incentivize more equitable partnerships, but also respond to the different and often complex realities within which CSOs work in the global south.
In all provider contexts, including Sweden, significantly increased opportunities for direct support for CSOs in the global south is an essential part of a positive change in funding modalities, with conditions determined through consultation. At the same time, national CSOs in provider countries and/or international CSOs remain essential civil society actors working through specific mutually supportive relationships with partner country CSOs that are formed around shared long term strategic goals, often in very difficult environments.
In fact, Sida’s 2023 Guideline for the Strategic Partner Organizations were recently highlighted by the DAC Community of Practice as a good practice example in responding to these complexities as convenors, connectors, fiscal agents and amplifiers of development issues, while strengthening local ownership and leadership. But these relationships must also be subject to continued and collaborative re-examination of roles, which can call for deep reforms in CSO practices. Sida’s March decision provides no opportunity to do so.
Do no harm
Finally, it is not clear how Sida will effectively and efficiently manage the movement of sub-contracting from the 17 Strategic Partner Organizations into its direct administrative mandate in a matter of months. We understand these management issues are currently under review, but seemingly an abrupt decision was made irrespective of the outcome for Sida’s organizational capacities and its impact on partners and support for civil society going forward.
Importantly, the DAC Recommendation calls on all adherents to take “reasonable steps to do no harm to civic space in partner countries or territories.” [Pillar One, §4] It seems clear that these precipitate actions by Sida will in fact have a significant negative impact on civic space in a range of countries. There is ample evidence from other contexts – including the UK and Canada – of abrupt funding cuts and decisions adversely affecting the lives of those in need.
Upholding the development effectiveness principles
Sweden is currently in a leadership role as a co-chair for the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation. It has a special responsibility to promote the Partnership’s four development effectiveness principles, not least the essential principle of strengthening local ownership. But equally important are the principles of working through inclusive partnerships and ensuring effective mutual accountability and transparency.
As long-standing friends of Sweden’s development cooperation and its leadership and commitment to enabling civil society, we are deeply concerned that the nature of the decisions of the past month will ultimately undermine leadership by civil society across the global south, disable critical north/south relationships of solidarity, and ignore decades of important collaboration, experiences and knowledge in civil society both north and south.
In conclusion, we encourage all adherents to the Recommendation to take on board all the inter-related commitments in the Recommendation’s three Pillars when undertaking reform in their civil society policies and practices, and to do so in close collaboration with all affected CSOs, north and south.
Sincerely,
- 11.11.11, Belgium
- A 11 – Initiative for Economic and Social Rights, Serbia
- ABF BUSOVAČA, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Accountable Now, Global Network
- ACODEV, Belgium
- APCOB, Bolivia
- ACT Alliance, Global Network
- ACTing Together Program, Guatemala
- Action, Gouvernance, Intégration,Renforcement, Groupe de travail en Santé et Développement en abrégé (AGIR/SD), Burkina Faso
- Adad Malore, Albania
- ADEL Morazán, El Salvador
- ADIC, Sri Lanka
- Advocates for Social Change Kenya, Kenya
- African Institute of Corporate Citizenship, Malawi
- Afrikagrupperna, Sweden
- AGIMS, Guatemala
- Agora Centre, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- AidWatch Canada
- AKÜ, Estonia
- All Africa Conference of Churches, Regional
- Alianza Politica Sector de Mujeres, APSM, Guatemala
- Alliance Sud, Switzerland
- Ambrela – Platform for Development Organisations, Slovakia
- AMSATI, El Salvador
- Applied Research Institute ARIJ, West Bank
- Artikel2, Sweden
- Associação Civil Alternativa Terrazul, Brasil
- Associação Civil Escola Sem Muros Grupo Eco – Favela Santa Marta – Rio de Janeiro – Brazil
- Asociación de Cooperación para el Desarrollo Rural de Occidente, CDRO, Guatemala
- Asociación para el Desarrollo Integral de las Víctimas de la Violencia en las Verapaces Maya Achi (ADIVIMA), Guatemala
- Asociación Coordinadora de Comunidades Afectadas por la Construccción de la Hidroeléctrica Chixoy (COCAHICH), Guatemala
- ASOCIACION COMUNITARIA PARA EL DESARROLLO SERJUS, Guatemala
- Asociación de Culturas Originarias Suma Kawsay – Peru
- Asociación de Investigación y Especialización sobre Temas Iberoamericanos (AIETI), Spain
- ASOCIACIÓN DE LIDERAZGO Y DESARROLLO EN MADRIZ, Nicaragua
- Asociación de Mujeres Ixqanil, Guatemala
- Asociación por la Paz y los Derechos Humanos Taula per Mèxic, Spain
- Association Tin Tua du Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso
- Association des Blogueurs du Burkina, Burkina Faso
- Association Monde Rural (AMR), Burkina Faso
- Association Nationale d Action pour Développement Intégral (ANADI), Senegal
- Association “Nova generacija,” Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Australian Council for International Development, Australia
- Bahay Tuluyan Foundation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST), Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Resource Centre for Indigenous Knowledge (BARCIK), Bangladesh
- Belarusian National Youth Council (RADA), Belarus
- Bench Marks Foundation, South Africa
- Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST), Bangladesh
- Bond, CSO Platform, United Kingdom
- Broederlijk Delen, Belgium
- Brot für die Welt, Germany
- Building Community Voice (BCV), Cambodia
- Cambodian Center for Human Right (CCHR), Cambodia
- Cambodian Journalists Alliance Association (Cambo-JA), Cambodia
- Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights (LICADHO), Cambodia
- Censat Agua Viva (Friends of Earth), Colombia
- Center for Alliance of Labor and Human Rights (CENTRAL), Cambodia
- Center for Civic Cooperation, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Center for Democratic Governance (CDG), Burkina Faso
- Center for Youth Advocacy and Networking (CYAN Pilipinas Inc), Philippines
- Center for youth education, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche Appliquée en Finances Publiques (CERA/FP), Burkina Faso
- Centre Delwende de Sakoula, Burkina Faso
- Centre for Environmental Justice, Sri Lanka
- Centre for Improved Rural Health and Environmental Protection (CIRHEP), India
- Center for Migrant Advocacy, Philippines
- Centre Internacional Escarré per les Minories Ètniques i les Nacions (CIEMEN), Catalonia
- Centre for Research and Advocacy, Manipur, India
- Center for Support Organisations, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Centre for Youth Work, Serbia
- Centro de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos, Brasil
- Centro de Desarrollo Agropecuario (CEDAP), Peru
- Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Regional (CEDER), Perú
- Centro de Tecnologias Alternativas Populares – CETAP, Passo Fundo Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil
- Centro Ecológico, Brazil
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación sobre Mujeres (CEIM), Spain
- CEHPRODEC, Honduras
- Civil Society Budget Advocacy Group (CSBAG), Uganda
- Civil Society Platform for Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (CSPPS), Netherlands
- Civil Society Reference Group, Kenya
- Christian Aid, United Kingdom
- CIUDADANIA, Bolivia
- Clean Clothes Campaign International Office, Netherlands
- Clowns without Borders Sweden, Sweden
- CNCD-11.11.11, Belgium
- Colors Rainbow, Myanmar
- COMISION INTERECLESIAL DE JUSTICIA Y PAZ- Colombia
- Commerce and Services Trade Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Committee for Free and Fair Elections in Cambodia (COMFREL), Cambodia
- Commission épiscopale Justice et Paix du Burkina Faso (CJP-Burkina), Burkina Faso
- Community Development Support Services (CDSS), South Sudan
- COMUNA/PBFCC, Bolivia
- Comunidad de Juristas Akubadaura, Colombia
- CONCORD, European CSO Platform
- CONCORD Sweden
- CONFRAS, El Salvador
- Confederation of Autonomous Trade Unions of Serbia, Serbia
- Confederation of Autonomous Trade Unions of Vojvodina, Serbia
- Conseil national des organisation de la société civile du Burkina Faso (CNOSC/BF), Burkina Faso
- Convention des Organisations de la société civile pour l’Observation Domestique des Élections (CODEL), Burkina Faso
- Coop. Comunidad del Sur, Montevideo-Uruguay
- Cooperation Committee for Cambodia (CCC), Cambodia
- Cooperation Canada, CSO Platform, Canada
- Coordinadora Galega de ONG para o Desenvolvemento, Spain
- Coordinadora de ONGD de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
- Coordinadora de ONGD-España, Spain
- Coordinadora Valenciana de ONGD, Spain
- COPINH, Honduras
- Cordaid, Netherlands
- Corporación para el Desarrollo Regional, Colombia
- Corporación Serraniagua, Organización Campesina Ambiental Comunitaria, El Cairo – Colombia
- Council for People’s Development and Governance (CPDG), Philippines
- Council of Churches, Zambia
- Conseil National de la Jeunesse du Burkina Faso (CNJ-BF), Burkina Faso
- Croatian Platform for International Citizen Solidarity (CROSOL), Croatia
- Czech Forum for Development Cooperation (FoRS), Czechia
- Nagorik Uddyog (NU), Bangladesh
- David Ntseng Director at Church Land Programme, South Africa
- DCA, Denmark
- Democratic Dialogue Network, Serbia
- Diakonia, Sweden
- Dóchas, Ireland
- East Cape Agricultural Research Project, South Africa
- Ecobarrial, Centro de Ecología Social, Chile
- ECLOF International, Switzerland
- Economic and Social Development Center ESDC, West Bank and Gaza Strip
- ECPAT, Philippines
- EducommuniK, Burkina Faso
- Entrepueblos/Entrepobles/Entrepobos/Herriarte, Spain
- Emthonjeni Women’s Forum, Zimbabwe
- Equality Myanmar, Myanmar
- Equitable Cambodia (EC), Cambodia
- ERA-LGBTI Equal Rights Association, Serbia
- ERIKS Development Partner, Sweden
- Espacio de Cooperación para la Paz, Colombia
- EU-LAT Advocacy Network, regional network Europe
- Eurodad, Regional Network
- Fairtrade Sverige, Sweden
- Farmers Union of Malawi, Malawi
- Fasocheck Association, Burkina Faso
- FECCEG, Guatemala
- FEDECARIBE, Colombia
- Federación de Centros Awá del Ecuador, Ecuador
- Felm, Finland
- FESPAD, El Salvador
- FIAN Zambia
- Fundación San Alonso Rodríguez, FSAR, Honduras
- FUNDASAL, El Salvador
- Finn Church Aid, Finland
- Finnish Development NGOs (Fingo), CSO Platform, Finland
- Fishworkers’ Solidarity, Philippines
- Friends of the Earth International, International Organization
- ForumCiv, Sweden
- Forum MNE, Montenegro
- Forum of Cotton Producers, FONPA, Mozambique
- Framtidsjorden, Sweden
- Fundación ALTROPICO, Ecuador
- Fundação CEPEMA, Brazil
- Fundación de Culturas Indígenas Kawsay-Ecuador
- Fundación InteRed, Spain
- Fundación Myrna Mack, Guatemala
- Fundación para el Desarrollo y Fortalecimiento de las Organizaciones de Base (FUNDEBASE), Guatemala
- Fundación Pereyra, Argentina
- Gender and Development for Cambodia (GADC), Cambodia
- Global Citizen, International Organization
- Global Idé, Sweden
- Global Interfaith Network For People of All Sexes, Sexual Orientations, Gender Identities and Expressions, South Africa
- Grameena Mahila Okkuta, India
- groundWork, Friends of the Earth, South Africa
- HEKS/EPER Swiss Church Aid, Switzerland
- IBON Foundation, Philippines
- IBON International, International NGO
- ICADE, Honduras
- Iglesia Filipina Independiente, Philippines
- Iniciativa Mesoamericana de Mujeres Defensoras de Derechos Humanos, regional Latin America
- Institute for National and Democracy Studies (INDIES), Indonesia
- Institute of Permaculture of Mozambique, IPERMO, Mozambique
- Institute of Politics and Governance (IPG), Philippines
- Instituto de Comunicación y Desarrollo (ICD), Uruguay
- Instituto de Ecología Política, Chile
- International Action for Peace (IAP), Spain
- International Labour, Research and Information Group, South Africa
- International Network Of Religious Leaders Living With or Personally Affected by HIV and AIDS (INERELA+), South Africa
- International Office for Human Rights Action on Colombia, OIDHACO, European regional network
- International Platform against Impunity, Guatemala
- Inter Pares, Canada
- IOGT-NTO Movement, Sweden
- IPDRS, Bolivia
- JA!FOE, Moçambique
- JANIC, Japan
- Jordens Vänner / Friends of the Earth Sweden, Sweden
- Justapaz, Colombia
- Justiça Ambiental, JA, Mozambique
- KAMP, Kosovo
- Kareem Baptist Convention- Social Mission (KBC- SM), Myanmar
- Kawsay Bolivia
- KCOC Policy Center, Korea
- Keystone Foundation, India
- Khanya College Johannesburg Trust, South Africa
- Klahaan, Cambodia
- KUDUMBAM, India
- Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation, Sweden
- La Coordinadora de ONGD-España
- La Plataforma DESCA, Colombia
- La Via Campesina Southern and Eastern Africa (LVC SEAf), Regional Organization
- Law & Society Trust (LST), Sri Lanka
- Lawyers Collective José Alvear Restrepo (CAJAR), Colombia
- Labor Education and Research Network (LEARN), Philippines
- Labour Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI), Namibia
- Ladakh Ecological Development Group, India
- Lafede.cat organitzacions per la Justícia Global, Catalonia
- Land Research Center (LRC), West Bank
- LatFem, Regional Latin America
- Legal Assistance Centre, Namibia
- Leornard Cheshire Disability, Zimbabwe
- Le secrétariat permanent des organisations Non Gouvernementales du Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso
- Listeners without Borders, Sweden
- Livaningo, Mozambique
- Lliga dels Drets dels Pobles, Catalunya, Spain
- Lutheran World Federation, Switzerland
- Lutheran World Federation / World Service – Central America Programme
- Lutheran World Service India Trust, India
- Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Cooperation (MUSCCO), Malawi
- MECOOVISURH, Honduras
- Milieudefensie / Friends of the Earth, Netherlands
- Movimiento Agroecológico de América Latina, MAELA, regional Latin America
- Mujeres Workers Progressive Alliance, Philippines
- Murang’a Avocado Farmers Cooperative Union Ltd, Kenya
- Muslim Women’s Research and Action Forum, Sri Lanka
- MyRight, Sweden
- National Association of Youth Organizations (NAYO), Zimbabwe
- National Commission for Human Rights Chile-Sweden, Sweden
- National Confederation of Transport Workers Union (NCTU), Philippines
- National Council of Churches, Philippines
- National council of Swedish children and youth organizations (LSU), Sweden
- National Confederation of Transportworkers Union (NCTU), Philippines
- National Farmers’ Federation NFF, North Macedonia
- NGO Forum on Cambodia, Cambodia
- ngo-federatie, the Flemish federation of development CSOs, Belgium
- Nicaraguan Network of Community Trade (RENICC), Nicaragua
- NIRMAN, India
- NOAH Friends of the Earth, Denmark
- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA), Norway
- Olof Palmes Internationella Center, Sweden
- Operation 1325, Sweden
- Organic Producers & Processors Association of Zambia, Zambia
- Organization for Nonviolence and Development (ONAD), South Sudan
- Organization for Women’s Development in Bangladesh, Bangladesh
- Organisation pour le Renforcement des Capacités de Développement, Burkina Faso
- Oxfam, International CSO
- Palestinian Agricultural Cooperative Union (PACU), West Bank
- Palestinian Working Women Society for Development (PWWSD), West Bank
- Palhaços Sem Fronteiras, Brasil
- People’s Action for Free and Fair Elections, Sri Lanka
- People’s Process on Housing and Poverty in Zambia (PPHPZ), Zambia
- PIANGO, Pacific Region
- Plan International, International CSO
- Plataforma Colombiana de Derechos Humanos, Democracia y Desarrollo (PCDHDD), Colombia
- PMU, Sweden
- Portuguese NGDO Platform, Portugal
- Positive Vibes, Namibia
- Praktisk Solidaritet, Sweden
- Promotion of Family Health Association, Laos
- Pro Public, Nepal
- Reality of Aid Africa Network, Regional Network
- Reality of Aid – Asia Pacific, Regional Network
- Red de ONGD de Madrid, Spain
- Red Jesuita Con Migrantes de Centroamérica (RJM CA), Regional Network
- RED MUJER RURAL AREQUIPA, Perú
- Redes AT, Uruguay
- Red de Trabajadoras Domésticas, Honduras
- Rendir Cuentas, Latín America and the Caribbean, Regional Network
- RFSL, Sweden
- Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres, Colombia
- Safety and Rights Society (SRS), Bangladesh
- Sahmakum Teang Tnaut (STT), Cambodia
- Save a Life, Sri Lanka
- Save the Children, International CSO
- Schumacher Centre, India
- Self Help Development Foundation, Zimbabwe
- SIMCARRD, Philippines
- SLOGA, Platform of Slovenian NGOs, Slovenia
- Small Producers Development and Transporters Association (SPRODETA), Malawi
- SOBREVIVENCIA, Amigos de la Tierra, Paraguay
- Social Association for Rural Advancement (SARA), Bangladesh
- Social Policy Initiative (SPI), South Africa
- SOLIDAR, European CSO Network
- Srushtidnyan, India
- Students’ Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh, India
- Suriya Women’s Development Centre, Sri Lanka
- Svalorna Latinamerika, Sweden
- Swallows India Bangladesh, Sweden
- Swedish Association for Sexuality Education (RFSU), Sweden
- Swedish Committee for Afghanistan, Sweden
- Swedish Development Forum (FUF), Sweden
- Swedish Fellowship of Reconciliation, Sweden
- Swedish Foundation for Human Rights, Sweden
- Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden
- Synergie des Femmes de la Société Civile (SYFES), DRC
- Training Education Development Extension Trust, India
- Tzuk Kim-pop, Guatemala
- Udayankur Seba Sangstha (USS), Bangladesh
- Uganda Cooperative Savings and Credit Union (UCSCU), Uganda
- Une Gruaja, Albania
- Union for Development and Integration of Roma Minority in Albania “Amaro-Drom”, Albania
- Union of Agricultural Work Committees (UAWC), West Bank and Gaza Strip
- Unite Theatre for Social Action (UTSA), Bangladesh
- Vikas Adhyayan Kendra, India
- Vive Vene, Bosnia Herzegovina
- Warande Advisory Centre, Kenya
- Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), Regional Organization
- We Effect, Sweden
- Wemos, The Netherlands
- Women’s Academy For Leadership and Political Excellence (WALPE), Zimbabwe
- Women’s Education and Research Centre (WERC), Sri Lanka
- Women Empowerment – Action (WE-Action), Ethiopia
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, Zimbabwe
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, DR Congo
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, Colombia
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, Cameroon
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, Sweden
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (International Secretariat), Geneva
- Women’s Legal Resource Centre, Malawi
- WoMIN African Alliance, Sweden
- World Concern Myanmar, Myanmar
- World Council of Churches, Switzerland
- Youth Empowerment and Transformation Trust, Zimbabwe
- YMCA, Ghana
- YMCA, Madagascar
- YWCA, Palestine
- YMCA, Senegal
- YWCA-YMCA, Sweden
- YMCA, Togo
- Zambia Alliance of Women (ZAW), Zambia
- Zambia Climate Change Network (ZCCN), Zambia
- Zambia Homeless and Poor People’s Federation, Zambia
- Zambia National Women’s Lobby, Zambia
- Zambia Youth Federation, Zambia
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Akio Takayanagi
Akio Takayanagi
Policy Advisor, JANIC / Professor, Ferris University